Joseph Addison

Joseph Addison Biography

Joseph Addison (May 1, 1672 – June 17, 1719) was an English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician, celebrated for co-founding The Spectator magazine with his close friend Richard Steele. Born in Milston, Wiltshire, Addison was the eldest son of Lancelot Addison, a clergyman. He received his early education at Charterhouse School, where he formed a lasting friendship with Steele, and later attended The Queen's College, Oxford, earning a reputation as a classical scholar.

Addison's literary career gained prominence with the publication of his poem The Campaign in 1704, which praised the Duke of Marlborough's victory at the Battle of Blenheim. This work earned him political favor and a government appointment as Commissioner of Appeals. In 1709, he began contributing to Steele's periodical The Tatler, and in 1711, they launched The Spectator, a daily publication aimed at providing readers with discussions on manners, literature, and society. The Spectator became highly influential, shaping public opinion and literary taste in early 18th-century England.

In addition to his essays, Addison wrote the play Cato, a Tragedy in 1713, which was well-received for its political themes advocating for individual liberty and republicanism. His political career advanced as he served as Secretary of State for the Southern Department from 1717 to 1718. Addison's contributions to literature and politics left a lasting impact on English culture, and he is remembered for his clear prose style and commitment to social and moral commentary.

Trivia About Joseph Addison

• Addison and Steele's The Spectator was published daily, excluding Sundays, and ran for 555 issues between 1711 and 1712.
• His play Cato was performed in both England and the American colonies, influencing political thought and rhetoric.
• Addison was known for his modesty and was often reluctant to take credit for his works, allowing Steele to publish many of their joint efforts under his own name.
• He married Charlotte, Dowager Countess of Warwick, in 1716, but the marriage was reportedly unhappy.

Famous Quotes by Joseph Addison

• "Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body."
• "What sunshine is to flowers, smiles are to humanity."
• "Three grand essentials to happiness in this life are something to do, something to love, and something to hope for."

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who was Joseph Addison?

Joseph Addison was an English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician, best known for co-founding The Spectator magazine with Richard Steele and for his significant contributions to 18th-century English literature.

What is 'The Spectator' magazine?

The Spectator was a daily publication founded in 1711 by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, offering essays on various topics, including manners, literature, and society, and aimed at elevating public discourse.

What is the significance of Addison's play 'Cato'?

Cato, a Tragedy is a play by Joseph Addison that gained popularity for its themes of individual liberty and republicanism, influencing political thought in both England and the American colonies.

Related Literary Movements

Joseph Addison was a central figure in the Enlightenment, contributing to the development of the periodical essay and promoting values of reason, moderation, and moral virtue through his writings. His work with The Spectator played a significant role in shaping the literary and cultural landscape of early 18th-century England.

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